Women s Army Auxiliary Corps - 886 Words

Chloe Williams Ms.Pfaltzgraf American World Literature 3 May 2015 Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps It was 1941, before the United States was involved in World War II, Ovata Hobby was asked by General David Searles to organize the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps. When Hobby first received the offer, she wanted to decline the offer but would ultimately take and develop into a part of history that will never be forgotten (Collins, 4). These great women that served in the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) that made a monumental impact during and after the war through their patriotism, hard work, and dedication. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the War Department began to ponder an idea that they would indeed need women to help win the†¦show more content†¦That’s when they decided it was time to make a change. According to Chief Warrant Officer 5, Jennifer Redfern, â€Å"I think that the Women’s Army Corps allowed us to slowly demonstrate our abilities†¦ to serve in the armed forces and services as equals† (Collins, 4). Although the women could only serve as female components, they still had to learn how to adapt to the different tasks that were expected of them during the war. The women of the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps were filled with positions in many different types of categories. Some jobs of the women were becoming clerks, drivers, mechanics, cooks, radio operators, weather observers, laboratory technicians, aircraft warning reporters, and weapon repairers. (Collins, 7) More than 150,000 women served in the army during World War II. (Permeswaran, 99). In addition to helping persevere democracy, these women overcame conflict, performed brilliantly, And laid the groundwork on which military women’s efforts and achievements still rest today (Permeswaran, 99). The reason women were expected to more higher standard jobs is because in the beginning of the war, the WAAC attracted women who pushed themselves to go past the minimum standard expected. Since these women were willing to go further than what was expected, it created a lot of positive outcomes which is what helped to win the war. Today, the concept of women being involved in the military does not sound out of the ordinary to people.

Building Construction - 1694 Words

In building construction and in fire prevention there are organizations that have created a useful system on how to determine what type of building falls under which category. The ICC (International Code Council) and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) create these building codes for the safety of firefighters. The two most commonly known standards for building classifications are the NFPA 5000 and also the International Building Code (IBC). The two are very similar, however, they different on sub-categorizing. The International Building Code uses Roman numerals behind the type of construction. In addition to subcategories with letters for each five classes and the amount of fire resistance provided for each building. NFPA†¦show more content†¦This type of construction took heavier beams and spaced them further apart. In addition, it didn’t use plywood or OSB board for sub-flooring. Instead it used thick tongue and grooved planks. This type of constructio n created a lot of open headspace in the kitchen, living rooms, dining rooms, and family rooms. This was an improvement in construction types for firefighters because interior fires can be easily contained. However, because of interior finishes, flame spread would be a serious problem. This structure design also poses another fire hazard which claims firefighter lives every years, which is roof collapsing. Truss Frame construction is known to be the most common and most often used type of construction today because it is cost effective. This construction type was first thought to be safe and durable, but under fire condition it poses a different kind of factor. Truss frame construction is made of lightweight woods that create triangles for support. Inside of the main triangle or parallel chords are links called Webbings that provided extra support. These triangles, parallel chords, and links are all held together but metal plates called gusset plates. This type of construction is a serious problem to fire fighters because of all the materials used. The lightweight wood material is easily ignited during fires and the metal gusset plates are nothing moreShow MoreRelatedBuilding Construction11374 Words   |  46 Pages(4) Building construction is a complex, significant, and rewarding process. It begins with an idea and culminates in a structure that may serve its occupants for several decades, even centuries. Like the manufacturing of products, building construction requires an ordered and planned assembly of materials. It is, however, far more complicated than product manufacturing. Buildings are assembled outdoors on all types of sites and are subject to all kinds of weather. Additionally, even a modest-sizedRead MoreBuildings And Construction Of Asbestos Construction1806 Words   |  8 Pagesbuildings with asbestos construction. There is a risk of respiratory diseases from inhaling dust and fumes, this can lead to fatal disease for employees, quite often these types of claims are latent where the health issue is not discovered under some time after the contact. .Moving Machinery - Construction sites can become hectic with moving vehicles, machinery and lifting equipment often manoeuvring around a usually uneven ground. With large amounts of moving plant on site employees are at riskRead MoreThe Building And Construction Industry6387 Words   |  26 Pages Industry professionals The building and construction industry is a wide industry that encompasses many professionals. No one person does all the work from start to finish, many people are involved in teams that contribute to each stage of the works until completion. Material taken from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering Geotechnical engineers: Geotechnical engineering uses principles of soil mechanics and rock mechanics to investigate subsurface conditions and materials;Read MoreBuilding Construction Essay1698 Words   |  7 PagesIn building construction and in fire prevention there are organizations that have created a useful system on how to determine what type of building falls under which category. The ICC (International Code Council) and the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) create these building codes for the safety of firefighters. The two most commonly known standards for building classifications are the NFPA 5000 and also the International Building Code (IBC). The two are very similar, however, they differentRead MoreBuilding Construction And Its Effect On The Environment1444 Words   |  6 Pagesforest standard. Throughout the building cycle, it’s a useful thing to produce a lot with very little waste. Buildings around the world are subject to a wide variety of natural important events such as floods, earthquake, windstorm, and other dangers. Comprehensible development is one of the major parts that increase the value of natural disaster. These events cannot be exactly described a possible future events, their effect is well understood. Building construction can have a long direct and indirectRead MoreFire and Lightweight Building Construction773 Words   |  3 Pagesand Lightweight Building Construction Lightweight construction has been used in building construction for more than thirty-five years. Fire fighters have been dealing with the dangers of this type of construction since it was developed. Lightweight construction is generally considered to be either wood frame or steel building materials, where the roof and/or floor supporting systems are constructed of lightweight prefabricated materials. The main problem with lightweight construction is the decreasedRead MoreDesigning A Building Construction Project1281 Words   |  6 PagesControl in a Building Construction Project Introduction Fundamentally, construction projects can be viewed as grouped collections of information and data that require convenient and appropriate storage, organization and distribution to those needing them. Configuration control comes across as a means of signifying changes between the updated and previous version of prints and drawings. In the current paper, I will reflect on the importance of configu ration control in a construction project. ConfigurationRead MoreThe Building And Construction Industry Improvement894 Words   |  4 Pages20 March 2012, the Building and Construction Industry Improvement (BCII) Act of the Australian Government was replaced by the Fair Work Bill (FWBI) 2012 which was implemented on 1 June 2012 (FWBC, 2012a). It was regarded as bill for ‘Transition to Fair Work Australia for the Building and Construction Industry’. The bill is intended towards: †¢ offering education, aid and suggestions to building industry participants; †¢ checking observance towards the Building Code and building regulations; †¢ undertakingRead MoreConstruction of the Empire State Building3610 Words   |  15 PagesProject Part II Construction of the Empire State Building | PM 595 | [Type the author name] | 10/9/2011 | | Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Sources of Construction Project Risks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Timeline Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ 3 Cost Risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦4 Design Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.5 Force majeure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....5 Systems to address construction project risk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Read MoreProblems Associated With The Building And Construction Commission892 Words   |  4 PagesDespite various construction acts, regulations, standards, codes, licensing regimes, other management approaches such as quality management, risk management, defect management building are still handed with defects. It is evident from Queensland Building and Construction Commission (2015a) annual report that in 2014/15 alone received 4,793 complaints about defective work. There are many other defects that are seen to occur during the construction process, which gets rectified before the practical

Security - Trust and Protection for E-Commerce Website

Question: Describe about theSecurity, Trust and Protection for E-Commerce Website. Answer: Executive Summary The innovation that is important for the successful business with the help of internet is E-commerce. This type of the strategy for the transaction of business will allow most of the growth opportunities in the services of marketing and business in different features. The mode of intermediary is the online shopping among sellers or marketers to the client or end customer. The online transaction nature can be constraint by result the instability from transaction that are unprotected, insecurity and also trust. The predominant source for the technique of shopping is the online shopping, if barriers are connected with clients protection, trust and insecurity are handled. The significance owing towards e-commerce towards growth for economic, so in this we will highlight the connected limitations with transaction of e-commerce and it will process steps that are relevant so that these constraints are overcome. Introduction Services and products that are selling and buying encompassed with the help of e-commerce through systems of electronic like internet and few other networks related to computer. Currently, the growth of quick global in an e-commerce that has raised and become significant component for the strategy of the business for transaction that is efficient. In the business technology of e-commerce could revolutionize the relationships among transaction settings for individual or organization. Traditional stores of brick and stones has enhanced with the help of an Internet and through e-commerce website development. Today, most of the e-commerce business mainly online shopping has allowed the buyers to widen their product access through new marketing techniques via e-commerce electronically mediated. (Lin 2005) The concept that are operational, expectations and needs have good understanding for shopping through internet have benefit for efficient online retailing and support the manufacturers for developing more efficient and targeted the operations that are for online retailer. About E-Stores The E-stores would get effort by either an immaculate or the retailer that are conventional. In any case, there is worry over shopping of web, particularly when the home data is close to client and monetary connections is required to support replace through medium of web. The nonexistence of the trust is prone to demoralize online shoppers' expectations from attaining by means of online stores. Nonetheless, with the occurrence e-business, it was reported by Harridge-March that e-trade serves as cost attenuation system for customers through appropriation administrations and merchandise of the system from buyer with the supplier. Not at all like traditional shopping which includes an eye to an eye exchange; shopping of the web utilizes the advancements that are electronic, system and web in making the medium that was intelligent amongst dealers and customers. Likewise, the web shopping occurrence yield benefits, for instance, easy system for business exchange; spares times and costs got diminishes look contrasted with customary shopping process. Due to these advantages, firms are extending their access to exchange of business through interesting strategy that convey by means of shopping that was interceded electronically. (March 2004) The Issues of Trust, Protection and Security The problems linked with internet shopping more to purchaser's exchange insurance that requires trust and protection among various nations or land areas. There is growing worry over shopping the web on account of untrustworthiness, client's insurance absence and trust that are basic components for an effective online substitute among association, nations and in addition a person. The significant issue confronted by customers in the online exchange is security. The overview report is evident the majority of reports recognized that exchange base on an e-trade have been compelled security. Moreover, buyers are worry about their security particularly when their own data are needed to encourage exchange furthermore; potential dangers are too postured to those utilizing Visas to make buy on the web. Secured framework is required upgrade internet shopping since purchasers tends to their protection and security. (Lu 2008) In another study, it was brought up that security, assurance arrangement and reliabilities of organizations are real hindrances to web shopping. Be that as it may, buyer's conduct towards internet shopping incorporates and not constrained to; worry over unapproved sharing of individual data, spontaneous contacts from retailer that are online, and they undisclosed following of shopping conduct. In addition, framework security-buyers who are worry about unlawful crossing over mechanical ensured gadgets to secure shoppers close to home, money related or data related to transaction. Worry over retailer that are online extortion cause by intentional deception or paid products non delivery for among the potential danger over online buy. Security, for example, the utilization of computerized mark and endorsements could get useful in controlling danger of extortion for exchanges that are online-based. Enhanced security framework for internet shopping would lessen unworthy conduct of buyers' with expansion goal for online exchange. Enhanced security in shopping through web could immensely urge buyers to take part in ecommerce bargain and additionally its mindfulness and part among monetary units. Buyers feel loose to utilize online medium when their capital and data are legitimately secured. Discarding the client's close to home detail and Visa data amid and after online exchange ought to be evaded as it gives more space for unlawful utilization of client's data. Trust in online exchange could be upgraded through strategies that consolidate legitimate, specialized, thorough guidelines for security, information assurance and endorsements of trusted outsiders. Furthermore, online venders ought to support reliable relatio nship keeping in mind the end goal to increment and pull in buyers to online exchange by guaranteeing that each exchange is kept inside the extent of assertion. (Dubinsky 2004) Integrate Infrastructure that is Web-Based The requirement which will facilitate the transaction of e-commerce so it was found that the effective measures for efficient execution of transaction of e-commerce in development of economic section should integrate the infrastructure that is web-based: Decrease high expenses connected with web access, for example, proclaimed in administration association charges, duty on membership and facilitating accuses for sites of adequate transmission capacity. Visas issuance ought to be managed to screen and control extortion through foreordained security code and components. (Josang 2004) Transportation base through which products and administrations are conveyed ought to be improved through adjusting great upkeep and change of obsolete offices. Exchange ought to be brought out just through secured arrange other than; gatherings setting out on online exchange ought to be familiar on security-related issues to guarantee unwavering quality. (Udo 2001) Challenges that are Raised for Trust, Protection and Security Below are some the issues that are raised while doing online shopping: A decade ago saw fast collection of various studies on innovation arranged ecommerce shortcoming. As inventive methodology of ecommerce spreads crosswise over different divisions, online advertisers could profit by the open doors joined to web shopping by utilizing mulling over the measure equipped for decreasing wrongdoing inclined shopping. E-trade exchange is quickly enhancing as commercial ventures and individual specialty unit faces expanding rivalry. Most organizations lean toward internet shopping be that as it may; making universally base aggressive showcasing will support the generation of high esteem included products and administrations. In any case, it perceives that e-trade are gone up against with numerous difficulties, for example, managing an account framework administrations, postal framework appropriateness, web security and in addition client's state of mind towards the development of ecommerce. (Vega 2009) Trust as an imperative component influencing purchaser conduct decides the accomplishment of web shopping. Apart from this, the absence of certainty and trust the shopping through web are a piece of determinant element to the mass acknowledgment of e-trade as a productive business exchange system. Business associations and government could raise the impediments by successfully arranging and actualizing excellence e-trade shopping methodology for buyers with acknowledged needed. The e-trade remnants the potential technique to help business exchange, in any case, assurance, security and trust offered the online exchange. (Barnes 2007) Motivation Behind Security Confidentiality of Data this will provide the unscrambling/encryption. Identification and Verification assurance that someone is claims either she or he to get actualized with higher marks. Control over Access it will control what all assets client may admittance on particular framework. Utilizes password and IDs that are legitimate. (Cuestas 2008) Data Integrity assurance that information was not get messed with. Is actualized by message hashing or process. Non-disavowal a deal was not denied or buys Actualized with advanced marks.Plaintext/Cleartext people read the message.Ciphertext ambiguous to people, encryption utilizes. The reverse procedure be unscrambling.The calculation of cryptographic is the numerical capacity. Most of the stabbing is centered on finding the "significance". (Kraeuter 2002) Issues with Security Security highlights major four classes: Authentication: It verifies that you are who as you say. It approves that you stand out allowed for logon to the Internet keeping money account. Authorization: It permits just you for assets controlling in exacting ways. This remains you from enhancing the parity of the erased bill or record. Encryption: It deals with stow away information. It assures that keeping an eye cant be on others amid Internet managing an account exchanges. (Karjaluoto 2007) Auditing: The records of the operations are kept. Vendors use evaluation to display that the particular stock you purchased. Integrity: aversion against data change that was unapproved Non-repudiation: aversion against one assembly from renege on the understanding later sometime Availability: the action was counteractive alongside data evacuation or delays. (Nath 2007) E-commerce Potential Relevance Web gives more extensive access to viable business exchange close to its economical and dependability, exchange can be completed speedier and proficiently. The creating economy could be viably upgraded through coordinating ecommerce innovation into business related divisions. As a tremendous system of individuals and data, the web empowers e-business exchange by showcasing item and administrations for offer to potential clients too giving business access and data to intrigued accomplices. Electronic information exchanged to execute business between parties of business in online ought to be kept confidential. Since intranet permits momentary stream of products what's more, administrations and also inner data, indispensable data could be handled all the while and coordinated with information stream from outside e-business exchanges which could take into consideration proficient and successful reconciliation of authoritative procedures. (Masa 2009) Appropriate usage of e-trade will encourage little and ventures that are medium-sized to reach worldwide business sector since the operation are open standard based. E-business usage will encourage mass customization through requesting frameworks that permit clients to settle on decision and request items as for their own and remarkable determinations. For example, an auto fabricating organization with an e-business methodology takes into consideration online request of recently assembled autos inside few days in view of the client's craved particulars. In any case, the adequacy of e-trade coordination into organization's assembling procedure what's more; requesting is gainful. Likewise, the reconciliation of e-business could prompt diminishment in costs, vital focused on promoting, and the assistance of offering extra items, administrations, and new frameworks when required. (Knight. 2000) Conclusion E-trade is the progressive apparatus with the probable to change nearby business exchange. Incorporation of its advantages to market will encourage business administrations around the world. The real data of security, security and trust between purchasers need to get examined inferable from shoppers' point of view on the internet shopping. The contact of trust, insurance and security near purchasers and dispositions assumes the important part in usage of ecommerce be that as it may, assuming great executed, momentary stream of products and benefits remotely and inside. Plus, information that is crucial could similarly be all the while supported for organize with spilling of data out of ecommerce exchanges outside which takes into powerful and proficient account combination into hierarchical forms. E-Business Security is an Assurance of E-Trade Resources from Access that was Unapproved, Use, Adjustment, or Annihilation. Measurements of an E-Trade Security; Integrity: counteractive action against data that was unapproved alteration, No revocation: avoidance against collecting from reneging on the assertion later. (Anita. 2000) Validness: sources of data verification. Secrecy: insurance towards data that was unapproved divulgence. Protection: revelation and control of procurement data. Accessibility: avoidance against evacuation or data postponements. Fraudsters are continually hoping to develop online clients that are inclined for making fledgling blunders. (Dayle. 2001) References Lee G-C., Lin H-F., 2005 Customer Perceptions of E-service Quality in Online Shopping, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 161-176. Harridge-March S., 2004 Electronic Marketing, the New Kid on the Block, Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 297-309. Yen C-H., Lu H-P., 2008 Factors Influencing Online Auction Repurchase Intention, Internet Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 7-25. Lim H., Dubinsky A.J., 2004 Consumers Perceptions of Eshopping Characteristics: An Expectancy-Value Approach, Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 8 no. 7, pp. 500-513. Patton M.A., Josang A., 2004 Technologies for Trust in 4, pp. 9-21. Udo G.J., 2001 Privacy and Security Concerns As Major Barriers for E-commerce: A Survey Study, Information Management Computer Security, vol. 9, no.4, pp.165-174. Roca J.C., Garcia JJ., de la Vega JJ., 2009 The Importance of Perceived Trust, Security and Privacy in Online Trading Systems, Information Management Computer Security, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 96-113. Chen Y-H., Barnes S., 2007 Initial Trust and Online buyer behavior, Industrial Management Data Systems, vol. 107, no.1, pp. 21-36. Roman S., Cuestas P.J., 2008 The Perceptions of Consumers Regarding Online Retailers Ethics and Their Relationship with Consumers General Internet Expertise and Word of Mouth: A Preliminary Analysis, Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 83, pp. 641656. Grabner-Kraeuter S., 2002 The Role of Consumers Trust in Online-Shopping Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 39, pp. 43-50. Salo J., Karjaluoto H., 2007 A Conceptual Model of Trust in the Online Environment Online Information Review, vol. 31, no.5, pp. 604-621. Mukherjee A., Nath P., 2007 Role of Electronic Trust in Online Retailing European Journal of Marketing, vol. 41, no. 9/10, pp. 1173-1202. Hunaiti Z., Masadeh R.M.T., 2009 Electronic Commerce Adoption Barriers in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Developing Countries Ibima Business Review, no. 2, pp. 37-43. Mann, Catherine with Sue E. Eckert a Sarah Cleeland Knight. 2000. Global Electronic Commerce: A Policy Primer. Washington DC: Institute for International Economics. Rosen, Anita. 2000. The E-commerce Question and Answer Book: A Survival Guide for Business Managers. American Management Association. Smith, Dayle. 2001. The E-business Book: A Step-by Step Guide to E-commerce

Galveston Main Wastewater Treatment Plant

Question: Discuss about theGalveston Main Wastewater Treatment Plant. Answer: Introduction Due diligence involves facilitating efficient and safe operations by using legal principles behind the courts judgment in ensuring effective decision making in the organization. In every project in engineering, the due diligence concept adopted should satisfy the legal proceedings in case an incident occurs. Due diligence seeks to provide guidance in analyzing the reliability, safety, and effectiveness of processes and equipment used in a project. It involves the evaluation of the current conditions of equipment and analyzing their remaining life span (ROBINSON 2013). These assessments include corrosion, damage caused by ruptures, technologies used by plant life components and equipments fatigue. Galveston central wastewater treatment plant, is a multiple project located in Texas, US. It deals with the different division of work; sanitation, water supply, wastewater treatment engineering, plumbing, drainage and recycling, construction services and water and sewer utilities (WORLD ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS 2007). In the past, this project has faced risks and other violations. Vulnerability Analysis Technique This a tool that used in identifying and recognizing vulnerabilities that are present in a project or an organization. It used to assess and provide appropriate solutions to the risks affecting the organization. It helps in informing teams on preexisting faults in the project and the specific sectors they are found. It further assesses these limitations in an organization and identifies the risks that are likely to link to the constraints. This technique in a project is likely to point out hazards associated with it. Teams always use this vulnerability tool because they realize the benefits it comes with (Anon 2013). These organizations are always aware of the availability of security hazards, and they do understand the need to recognize these issues and solve them early enough. Vulnerability techniques are mainly tied to the impact of the business and are very beneficial in the performance of any project or business. This vulnerability technique works in defining the assets of the organization and the threats to the assets. For any vulnerability assessment to succeed, it involves some steps (FRANCHIN 2013). Recognizing and learning the business processes This first step involves understanding the processes in the business or organization and identifying the critical areas of business. For example, in Galveston wastewater treatment project, there is need to understand the processes that are carried out in the project and understand the key areas that could face vulnerabilities such as the competitive position in the market (ANDERSON 2013). Many companies can come up with strategies for mitigating risks by bringing all ideas to the members of the organization altogether. This member of the organization has to work together to have a clear understanding of the organization processes. Identification of applications that business processes are dependent on The second step is characterized by pointing out the applications that the critical areas of business depend upon. For example, in Galveston Wastewater Treatment Plant, one of the applications identified is that of technological control of facilities and equipment. This application is the use of equipment which is up to date as well as those in good condition (MOOSBRUGGER 2012). Discover all project facilities This step involves finding out all the facilities that are engaged in the processes in the organization. Getting to know the auxiliary facilities that are rarely used. This step aims at being able to find vulnerabilities in the equipment such as tampering and damages. Mapping the structure of the flow system This step focuses on understanding the structure of the flow system. That is both the underground and surface structures on a project. For example in the case of Galveston wastewater treatment plant, there should be a full understanding of the ground-water flow system and the hydrogeological framework involved. Identification of solutions to risks already in place In the vulnerability assessment, there need to identify the solutions that have been put into place for control of hazards already in the organization and pinpointing the risks managed (HAGIHARA, 2016). Execution of vulnerability scans After carrying out the above steps, it now the time to execute vulnerability scan to identify the opportunities and threats in the organization (CHIN, 2008). This is the final step. Organizational Assets In the vulnerability assessment, it is crucial to define the organizations assets (ADAM, 2016). Various vital success factors characterize Galveston wastewater treatment plant. In assessing the organizational assets, dependency trees are the best method to do so. These factors include: Personnel Resources This factor is the most crucial asset of the business. These staff resources determine the direction of the organization, its performance, and success. Equipment and Facilities In accessing the vulnerabilities in business, its vital to consider the equipment and facilities used in the organization to know how vulnerable to risks they are in the firm. For example, in Galveston wastewater treatment plant, the machines used in the process of sanitation should always be considered for the healthy condition, storage facilities, treatment facilities and distribution and canal systems. Consumers Loyalty This factor makes up the market assets of the organization. This asset should be put into considerations in the companys vulnerabilities assessment; this is because for a project to realize its goals it must have a broad market. Maintaining customers to your brand is important (SESSELMANN, 2016). For example, Galveston main wastewater treatment plant embarked on building more improved structures after the climate hazard to maintain their customers. Organizational Public Image The public image of an organization is a critical success factor. Consumers always consider organizations with positive brand image compared to others. Having an appealing image attracts more customers and creates awareness for the business. Thus in the vulnerability analysis, an organization reputation is essential. Capability Levels Another critical success factor in an organization is that of its ability to perform. An organization should be able to deliver its functions satisfied (OERTEL, 2010). This element determines its productivity, work output, and performance. This factor may be vulnerable to some risks. Threats Facing the Organization They are various threats that have faced the Galveston central wastewater treatment plant in the past, and this organization is still mitigating the risks realized by this threats. These threats include; Natural Hazards Galveston Texas was struck by Hurricane in 2008 leading to main failures in the structures and equipment in the wastewater treatment plant. This failure primarily affected the functionality of the treatment plant and services were not offered for a while. This threat was realized through analyzing the environmental changes in the area. Other natural hazards that pose a threat to organizations are earthquakes, snow, heavy rains and stormy winds (MCCONNELL, 2008). This threat leads to instability in offering services and a temporary closure of the treatment plant to repair and build better structures that can withstand future storms. There was total damage of the distribution systems and storage facilities that lead to high costs of repairing them and also replacing them. The ideal method used to identify the threat is vulnerability matrix Plant Failure There was a critical plant failure due to damaged structures. This risk was a major threat to the organization as it incurred the organization significant losses. This failure was essential because this structures had not undergone maintenance for an extended period. This method was realized after assessing the physical vulnerabilities. The critical failure of the plant lead to a major setback in productivity, and the organization realized massive losses which up to date is still trying to recuperate. Financial Threat Galveston central wastewater treatment plant faced the threat of finances. This threat was from the profits fluctuations. This condition was realized due to the decrease in productivity after the facilities in the plant were damaged by hurricanes. This threat was recognized from assessing the notional vulnerabilities in the organization (LE COURTOIS 2014). The decrease in profits leads the organization to incur more costs in re-branding the organization a new. Production Threat In this organization, this threat arises from the turnover of employees in the organization after the environmental hazard stroke the treatment plant. This risk is realized in the reduction of workforce thus a likely hood to lower productivity. This threat comes with other risks such as loss of customers as well as a realization of small profits. Critical Valnerabilities There three categories of vulnerabilities applicable to Galveston central wastewater treatment plant. These categories include; notional, physical and personal vulnerabilities. Hypothetical vulnerabilities are those that involves finances, plant failure, and disruption of activities in business and business reputation. Physical vulnerabilities are those that are involved in facilities and equipment in the business, environment and climate change as well as money. Also, personal weaknesses include turnover of employees and injury within the organization among others. These vulnerabilities can be managed using the following strategies; risk transfer, risk control, risk acceptance as well as risk avoidance (WISNER 2012). Precautionary Analysis Precautionary analysis acts as an immediate feedback to the new. This tool targets on preventing harm rather than managing it when it happens. This study involves the protecting of a new occurrence. This is a policy that seeks to protect the health of individuals as well as the environment.it does not call for specific measures, but it is close to governance, it consists of three factors: intermediate between innovation and precaution, management in risk and combinations of science policy (BOURGUIGNON 2016). The principle of precautionary enables those making decisions in the organization to take into account preventive measures when scientific evidence is uncertain in environmental and human hazards. The precautionary analysis is made up of various elements that aim at preventing harm from reversing and causing damage to humans and the environment. These elements include: Right to Knowledge The public around the organization has a right to information pertaining the hazards to the environment and to the people that might occur due to processes in the organization. The organization is responsible for educating the society around. Democratic Decision Making Decisions made through the precautionary analysis tool should be democratic and transparent. It should be backed up by reliable information. Costs Incurred In every decision-making process, all decisions made should consider all costs incurred and other costs likely to occur. Prompt Action There is need to act promptly to prevent harm. Everyone is responsible for taking action, that is, the business, the public, the society as well as the government. In this case, the top-down technique is applied in the precautionary analysis in order to come up with the appropriate decisions by analyzing the community around as well as using the augmented SWOT analysis. For the above-assessed vulnerability, the following are the preventive recommendations put in place: First there is need to construct a structure that withstands environmental factors especially winds up to 140mph. This recommendation will cater for the protection of health for the working staff as well as offer security for its customers. This structures should portray the high level of efficiency to avoid the occurrence of the same incident in future. Secondly, due to the contamination caused by the rupture of this structures during the hurricane storm, the organization should employ the use of ultraviolet sanitation facility. This disinfection strategy would be a new approach used in the industry (JABLONOWSKI 2006). Thirdly, the recommended new buildings of the Galveston central wastewater treatment plant should be constructed in a high raised and elevated position to curb future storms from damaging this structures. Lastly, this organization should put measures to educate its employees on the likely risks to face the organization and train them on how to mitigate the risks to reduce the employee turnover. Fourthly, the directors of the Galveston main wastewater treatment plant should think of changing the organization to a place that is not affected by environmental hazards to prevent this harm from taking place once more. This recommendation aims at targeting to solve this problem of natural hazards completely. Another fifth way is through characterizing risks, this way, the organization can determine what risks are likely to face an organization in future and aid in making progressive decisions on how to curb this risks in preventing reoccurrence. Lastly, there is also need to establish control options in the decision-making process in finding ways to prevent harm to humans and the environment. References ADAM, AKV 2016, Strategy and success factors of business schools.. 18th ed. Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. ANDERSON, MGE 2013, Community -Based Landslide Risk Reduction: Managing Disasters in Small Steps. 8th ed. Washington, D.C., World Bank. Anon, 2013, Detection of intrusions and malware, and vulnerability assessment. 18th ed. Berlin, Springer-Verlag. BOURGUIGNON, D 2016, The precautionary principle: definitions, applications, and governance: in-depth analysis.. 18th ed. Luxembourg: Publications Office. CHIN, A 2008, Dealing with human vulnerability in aviation security: effectiveness of SCAN detecting "compromise." Aviation Security Management. Perspectives on Aviation Security Management., Volume 3, pp. 48-74. FRANCHINI, PTHUEA 2013, Methodology for systemic seismic vulnerability assessment of buildings, infrastructures, networks and socioeconomic impacts.. 8th ed. Luxembourg: Publications Office. HAGIHARA, K 2016, Coping with Regional vulnerability: preventing and mitigating damages from environmental disasters.. 8th ed. s.l.:s.n. JABLONOWSKI, M 2006, Precautionary risk management: dealing with catastrophic loss potentials in business, the community, and society.. 18th ed. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. LE COURTOIS, O 2014, Extreme financial risks and asset allocation.. 18th ed. London: Imperial College Press. MCCONNELL, R L 2008, Environmental issues: an introduction to sustainability.. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River: NJ, Prentice Hall. MOOSBRUGGER, L 2012, The vulnerability thesis: interest group influences and institutional design. 8th ed. s.l.:s.n. OERTEL, S 2010, Drivers of organizational success: factors that influence organizational survival chances. 18th ed. S.I: s.n. ROBINSON, R 2013, Risk Reliability: engineering due diligence.. 18th ed. Melbourne: Vic, R2A Pty Ltd. SESSELMANN, J 2016, Empowering brands with customer integration: classification, benefits and success factors.. 18th ed. s.l.:s.n. WISNER, BGK 2012, The Routledge handbook of hazards and disaster risk reduction. 18th ed. London, Routledge. WORLD ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER RESOURCES CONGRESS, 2007, Restoring our natural habitat: Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007, May 15-19,2007. 18th ed. Tampa, Florida, USA: [Reston, Va.],[American nSociety of Civil Engineers].